MAC sublayer is implemented in hardware, typically in the server's NIC. MAC constitutes the lower sublayer of the data link layer. The NIC driver is a software program that interacts directly with the NIC hardware and passes the data between the MAC sublayer and the physical media. An example of the LLC can be considered the network driver software of a server's NIC. LLC sublayer is implemented in software, and its implementation is hardware agnostic. The LLC sublayer is used to communicate with the upper protocol layers of the OSI model. It takes the protocol data units (PDUs) from the upper layers, which are typically IPv4 packets, and adds control information to help deliver the data to its destination. At the data-link layer, Ethernet relies on two separate sub-layers to operate, the Logical Link Control sublayer and the Media Access Control sublayer. Figure 1. Ethernet and the OSI modelĪs shown in Figure 1, Ethernet standards define both Layer 2 and Layer 1 technologies. They are defined in the IEEE 802.2 and 802.3 standards. Ethernet and the OSI modelĮthernet family of protocols operate at both layer 2 (data link layer) and layer 1 (physical layer) of the OSI model.
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